Kidneys

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located in the back of the abdominal cavity, just below the rib cage. They are essential organs that perform several vital functions in the body, including filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood, regulating electrolyte levels, maintaining acid-base balance, and producing hormones that regulate blood pressure and stimulate red blood cell production. The kidneys receive blood from the renal arteries and filter it through millions of tiny filters called nephrons. As the blood passes through the nephrons, waste products and excess fluid are removed and concentrated into urine, which is then transported to the bladder through the ureters and eliminated from the body through the urethra.